Electronic Menu Comments
DOI or URL
DOI or URL - Electronic sources should always contain 'Retrieved from' or a DOI (Chapter 7, 7.11, pp. 214-215).
DOI Format - The DOI should include the URL and the DOI (e.g., http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0079345).
No DOI - Periodical Home page - When there is no DOI available for an article in a periodical, provide a URL to the periodical homepage immediately following the words 'Retrieved from' in place of the DOI.
No DOI - Direct URL - For this source provide a URL to the source immediately following the words 'Retrieved from' in place of the DOI.
No DOI (URL)
Articles
In-Press Article - When no DOI is available for an electronically obtained in-press journal article, the complete URL should be used in place of the DOI preceded by the words 'Retrieved from:'.
Newsletter Article - When no DOI is available for a newsletter article, the complete URL should be used in place of the DOI preceded by the words 'Retrieved from:'.
Electronic-Only Book - When no DOI is available for an electronic-only book, the complete URL should be used in place of the DOI preceded by the words 'Retrieved from:'.
Entry in a Reference Work - When no DOI is available for an electronically obtained entry in a reference work, the complete URL should be used in place of the DOI preceded by the words 'Retrieved from:'.
Dissertation\Master’s Thesis (Unpublished) - When no DOI is available for an electronically obtained dissertation or thesis, the complete URL should be used in place of the DOI preceded by the words 'Retrieved from:'.
Dissertation (Web) - When no DOI is available for a web-based dissertation or thesis, the complete URL should be used in place of the DOI preceded by the words 'Retrieved from:'.
Lecture Notes - For an online lecture notes, the complete URL should be used preceded by the words 'Retrieved from:'.
PowerPoint Presentation - For an online PowerPoint presentation, the complete URL should be used preceded by the words 'Retrieved from:'.
Websites
Website - For a website, the complete URL should be used preceded by the words 'Retrieved from:'.
Archived Entry in Wikipedia - When no DOI is available for an archived entry in Wikipedia, the complete URL should be used in place of the DOI preceded by the words 'Retrieved from:'.
Map - For an online map, the complete URL should be used preceded by the words 'Retrieved from:'.
Art - For an online art object, the complete URL should be used preceded by the words 'Retrieved from:'.
Audio, Video, and Transcripts
Music Recording (Single Track or Album) - For an online musical recording, the complete URL should be used preceded by the words 'Retrieved from:'.
Recorded Interview - For an online recorded interview, the complete URL should be used preceded by the words 'Retrieved from:'.
Video\Streaming Video - For an online streaming video, the complete URL should be used preceded by the words 'Retrieved from:'.
Television (Series or Episode) - For an online television series or episode, the complete URL should be used preceded by the words 'Retrieved from:'.
Recording\Transcript - When no DOI is available for an online transcript or recording, the complete URL should be used in place of the DOI preceded by the words 'Retrieved from:'.
Social Media
Facebook Page - For a Facebook page, the complete URL should be used preceded by the words 'Retrieved from:'.
Facebook Note - For a Facebook note, the complete URL should be used preceded by the words 'Retrieved from:'.
Facebook Status Update - For a Facebook status update, the complete URL should be used preceded by the words 'Retrieved from:'.
Twitter Update - For a Twitter update, the complete URL should be used preceded by the words 'Retrieved from:'.
Tweet - For a Tweet, the complete URL should be used preceded by the words 'Retrieved from:'.
Blog - For a blog, the complete URL should be used preceded by the words 'Retrieved from:'.
Video Game Review - When no DOI is available for an online review of a video game, the complete URL should be used in place of the DOI preceded by the words 'Retrieved from:'.
Peer Commentary - When no DOI is available for peer commentary, the complete URL should be used in place of the DOI preceded by the words 'Retrieved from:'.
Blog Commentary - For commentary on a blog, the complete URL should be used preceded by the words 'Retrieved from:'.
Government and Business
Government Report - When no DOI is available for an electronically obtained government report, the complete URL should be used in place of the DOI preceded by the words 'Retrieved from:'.
Press Release - When no DOI is available for an electronically obtained press release, the complete URL should be used in place of the DOI preceded by the words 'Retrieved from:'.
Fact Sheet - When no DOI is available for an electronically obtained fact sheet, the complete URL should be used in place of the DOI preceded by the words 'Retrieved from:'.
Brochure - When no DOI is available for an electronically obtained brochure, the complete URL should be used in place of the DOI preceded by the words 'Retrieved from:'.
Policy Brief - When no DOI is available for an electronically obtained policy brief, the complete URL should be used in place of the DOI preceded by the words 'Retrieved from:'.
No DOI - URL Provider
No DOI - URL Provider - For this source provide a URL to the source provider or publisher immediately following the words 'Retrieved from' in place of the DOI.
Provider/Publisher URL
Articles
Journal Article (No DOI) - When no DOI is available for an electronically obtained journal article, the URL for the journal should be used in place of the DOI preceded by the words 'Retrieved from:'. Do not provide a direct URL to the article.
Magazine Article - When no DOI is available for an electronically obtained magazine article, the URL for the magazine homepage should be used in place of the DOI preceded by the words 'Retrieved from:'. Do not provide a direct URL to the article.
Newspaper Article - When no DOI is available for an electronically obtained newspaper article, the URL for the newspaper homepage should be used in place of the DOI preceded by the words 'Retrieved from:'. Do not provide a direct URL to the article.
Books
Electronic Version of a Print Book - When no DOI is available for an electronic version of a print book, the URL for the provider (e.g., http://www.amazon.com) should be used in place of the DOI preceded by the words 'Retrieved from:'. Do not provide a direct URL to the book.
Book (Online Library) - When no DOI is available for a book obtained from an online library, the URL for the library (e.g., http://www.library.com) should be used in place of the DOI preceded by the words 'Retrieved from:'. Do not provide a direct URL to the book.
Book or Monograph (Electronic Database) - When no DOI is available for a book obtained from an electronic database, the URL for the database (e.g., http://www.homepageofDB.com) should be used in place of the DOI preceded by the words 'Retrieved from:'. Do not provide a direct URL to the book.
Dissertation (Institutional Database) - When no DOI is available for a book obtained from an institutional database, the URL for the database (e.g., http://www.wichitastate.edu/db/) should be used in place of the DOI preceded by the words 'Retrieved from:'. Do not provide a direct URL to the dissertation.
Recordings
Music Recording (Republished) - When using a republished musical recording as a source, the URL for the publisher should be used preceded by the words 'Retrieved from:'. Do not provide a direct URL to the recording.
Podcast - When using a podcast as a source, the URL for the publisher should be used preceded by the words 'Retrieved from:'. Do not provide a direct URL to the podcast.
Data Sets, Instruments, Apps
Data Set - When using a data set as a source, the URL for where the data set is published should be used preceded by the words 'Retrieved from:'. Do not provide a direct link to the data set.
Measurement Instrument - When using a measurement instrument as a source, the URL for publisher of the instrument should be used preceded by the words 'Retrieved from:'. Do not provide a direct link to instrument.
Software\Mobile App\Facebook App - When using software as a source, the URL for publisher of the software preceded by the words 'Retrieved from:'. Do not provide a direct link to the software.
Provider/Link (additional wording)
Abstracts, Dissertations, Self-Archived
Abstract (Original Source) - When no DOI is available for an abstract, the URL for the publisher homepage should be used in place of the DOI preceded by the words 'Abstract retrieved from:'. Do not provide a direct URL to the abstract.
Abstract (Secondary Source) - When no DOI is available for an abstract as a secondary source, the name of the database be used in place of the DOI preceded by the words 'Abstract retrieved from:'. Do not provide a direct URL to the abstract or a URL.
Abstract (Conference Paper) - When no DOI is available for an abstract of a conference paper, a the URL for the conference abstracts should be used in place of the DOI preceded by the words 'Abstract retrieved from:'. Do not provide a direct URL to the abstract.
Dissertation\Master’s thesis (Database Service) - When no DOI is available for an dissertation or thesis from a database service, the name of the database should be used in place of the DOI preceded by the words 'Retrieved from:'. Do not provide a URL.
Informally Published\Self-Archived Work (ERIC) - When no DOI is available for an informally or self-archived work from a database service, the name of the database service should be used in place of the DOI preceded by the words 'Retrieved from:'. Do not provide a URL.
Reports
Entry in Wikipedia - When an entry in Wikipedia is used as a source, provide the date (e.g., Nov 19, 2912) immediately following the word 'Retrieved' and preceding the URL.
Nongovernmental Organization - When a NGO report is used as a source provide the name of the NGO and the URL immediately following the words 'Retrieved from' (e.g., Great People NGO website: ).
Report (Institutional Archive) - When an institutional archive report is used as a source provide the name of the institution website and the URL immediately following the words 'Retrieved from' (e.g., Ohio State Center of Excellence website: ).
White Paper - When a white paper is used as a source provide the name of the institution website and the URL immediately following the words 'Retrieved from' (e.g., Ohio State University Center of Excellence website: ).
Missing Elements
Author is Missing - When there is no author for a website, substitute the title of the piece followed by a description of the form in brackets (e.g., [Blog Post]) for the author element of the reference entry.
Date is Missing - When there is no date for the website and there is no way to discern an approximate date of the work, use (n.d.) for the date element of the reference entry.
Approximate Date - When there is no date for the website but you can reasonably approximate a date, use ca. followed by the year in brackets for the date element of the reference entry.
Title is Missing - When the title is missing, describe the document in brackets for the title element of the reference entry.
Use Brackets
Forms
Apparatus - For a apparatus, identify the form in brackets immediately following the name of the apparatus (e.g., [Apparatus and software] or [Apparatus and data set]).
Data File - For a data file, identify the form in brackets immediately following the title of the data file (e.g., [Data file] or [Database record]) in the title element of the reference entry.
Measurement - For an online test or inventory, identify the form in brackets immediately following the title of the of the test or inventory (e.g., [Measurement instrument]) in the title element of the reference entry.
Database - For a database record, identify the form in brackets immediately following the title of the data file (e.g., [Database record]) in the title element of the reference entry.
Map - For a map, identify the form in brackets immediately following the title of the map (e.g., [Demographic map]) in the title element of the reference entry.
Presentations, Letter
Lecture notes - For lecture notes, identify the form in brackets immediately following the title (e.g., Lecture notes]) in the title element of the reference entry.
PowerPoint Presentation - For a PowerPoint presentation, identify the form in brackets immediately following the title of the presentation (e.g., [PowerPoint slides]) in the title element of the reference entry.
Letter to the Editor - For a letter to the editor, identify the form in brackets immediately following the title (e.g., [Letter to the editor]) in the title element of the reference entry.
Images
Painting - For a painting, identify the form in brackets immediately following the title of the painting (e.g., [Painting]) in the title element of the reference entry.
Photograph - For a photograph, identify the form in brackets immediately following the title of the photograph (e.g., [Photograph]) in the title element of the reference entry.
Supplemental Material - For supplemental material, identify the form in brackets immediately following the title of the photograph (e.g., [Supplemental material]) in the title element of the reference entry.
Audio, Video, and Transcripts
Audio - For audio recording sources (e.g., interview, speech, etc.), identify media type in brackets immediately following the title (e.g., [Audio file], [Real media], [mp3], or [Audio podcast]) in the title element of the reference entry.
Music Recording (Album) - For music album sources, identify the recording artist (if different from writer) preceded by the words ''Recorded by'' and the media type preceded by the words ''Medium of recording:'' in brackets immediately following the title of the album (e.g., [Recorded by F. A. Atwood; Medium of recording: mp3]) in the title element of the reference entry.
Music Recording (Single Track) - For music single track on an album sources, identify the recording artist (if different from writer) preceded by the words ''Recorded by'' in brackets immediately after the title of the album (e.g., [Recorded by F. C. James]). Additionally, provide the media type preceded by the words ''Medium of recording:'' in brackets immediately following the title of the track (e.g., [Medium of recording: mp3]) in the title element of the reference entry.
Video - For video sources (e.g., training video, tutorial, etc..) identify media type in brackets immediately following the title (e.g., [DVD], [Video podcast], [Video file], etc.) in the title element of the reference entry.
Podcast - For podcasts (audio or video), identify podcast type in brackets immediately following the title of the podcast (i.e., [Video podcast] or [Audio podcast]) in the title element of the reference entry.
Television Series (episode or webisode) - For a television series episode or webisode, identify the form in brackets immediately following the title of the episode (i.e., [Television series episode] or [Television series webisode]) in the title element of the reference entry.
Television Series - For a television series, identify the form in brackets immediately following the title of the series (i.e., [Television series]) in the title element of the reference entry.
Motion Picture - For motion pictures, identify media type followed by the word ''Medium'' in brackets immediately following the title of the motion picture (e.g., [Medium: DVD]) in the title element of the reference entry.
Social Media
Blog Post - For a blog post, identify the form in brackets immediately following the title of the blog post (e.g., [Blog post]) in the title element of the reference entry.
Blog Comment - For a blog comment, identify the form in brackets immediately following the title of the blog comment (e.g., [Blog comment]) in the title element of the reference entry.
Peer Commentary - For peer commentary on an article, identify the form, the title of the article in quotes, and the author, in brackets immediately following the title of the article (e.g., [Peer commentary on the paper ''Zombies unite to save the world,'' by J. R. Atwood]) in the title element of the reference entry.
Facebook Page - For a Facebook page, identify the form in brackets immediately following the title (e.g., [Facebook page]) in the title element of the reference entry.
Facebook Note - For a Facebook note, identify the form in brackets immediately following the title (e.g., [Facebook note]) in the title element of the reference entry.
Twitter Update - For a Twitter update, identify the form in brackets immediately following the title (e.g., [Twitter update]) in the title element of the reference entry.
Tweet - For a Tweet, identify the form in brackets immediately following the title (e.g., [Tweet]) in the title element of the reference entry.
Video Review - For a review of a video, identify the form, the video media, the title of the video, the producer, and copyright date in brackets immediately following the title of the review (e.g., [Review of the DVD Zombies Always Return, produced by Stockslager Industries, 2009]) in the title element of the reference entry.
Video Game Review - For a review of a video game, provide the form, the video game name, the producer, and the copyright date in brackets immediately following the title of the review (e.g., [Review of the video game Zombie Speedsters, produced by GameWorld, 2009]) in the title element of the reference entry.
Government and Business
Press Release - Use brackets to define the form (e.g., [Press release]) immediately following the italicized title of the electronic resource in the title element of the reference entry.
White Paper - Use brackets to define the form (e.g., [White paper]) immediately following the italicized title of the electronic resource in the title element of the reference entry.
Fact Sheet - Use brackets to define the form (e.g., [Fact sheet]) immediately following the italicized title of the electronic resource in the title element of the reference entry.
Brochure - Use brackets to define the form (e.g., [Brochure]) immediately following the italicized title of the electronic resource in the title element of the reference entry.
Policy Brief - Use brackets to define the form (e.g., [Policy brief] immediately following the italicized title of the electronic resource in the title element of the reference entry.
Mobile Application - Use brackets to define the form (e.g., [Mobile application]) immediately following the italicized title of the electronic resource in the title element of the reference entry.
Use Brackets (Author)
Facebook Page - For a Facebook page use brackets in the author element for the username immediately following the author name.
Facebook Note - For a Facebook note use brackets in the author element for the username immediately following the author name.
Streaming Video - For a streaming video use brackets in the author element for the username immediately following the author name.
Twitter Update - For a Twitter update use brackets in the author element for the username immediately following the author name. {C}{C}{C}{C} {C}{C}{C}{C}{C}{C}{C}{C} {C}{C}{C}{C} {C}{C}{C}{C}
Tweet - For a Tweet use brackets in the author element for the username immediately following the author name.
Video Game Review (No Author) - When there is no author for a review of a video game provide the form, the video game name, the producer, and the copyright date in brackets (e.g., [Review of the video game Zombie Speedsters, produced by GameWorld, 2009]) in the title element of the reference entry.
Parentheses
Abstract (Secondary Source)
Abstract (Secondary Source) - When using an abstract as a secondary source identify the unique database identifier (e.g., accession number) of the source immediately following the period after the Retrieved from statement (e.g., ((Accession No. 8111202963)).
Dissertations
Dissertation\Thesis (Commercial Database) - When using a master's thesis or doctoral dissertation from a commercial database identify the type of document in parentheses (e.g., Master's thesis) immediately following the title. In addition, provide the unique database identifier in parentheses (e.g., accession number) of the source immediately following the period after the Retrieved from statement (e.g., Accession No. 8111202963).
Dissertation\Thesis (Unpublished on the Web) - When using a master's thesis or doctoral dissertation from the web identify the type of document in parentheses (e.g., Master's thesis) immediately following the title.
Dissertation\Thesis (Institutional Database) - When using a master's thesis or doctoral dissertation from an institutional database identify the type of document in parentheses (e.g., Master's thesis) immediately following the title.
Self-Archived work from ERIC - When using a self-archived work source identify the unique database identifier in parentheses (e.g., ED654321) immediately following the period after the Retrieved from statement.
Republished book, Reports, Archives
Republished Book - When using a republished book, provide the original publication date (e.g., Originally work published 1891) immediately following the retrieved from statement.
Government Report - When using a government report source identify the unique report identifier in parentheses (e.g., DOE Publication No. 654321) immediately following the title in the title element.
Nongovernmental Organization (NGO) Report - When using a nongovernmental organization report as a source identify the unique report identifier in parentheses (e.g., Report No. 654321) immediately following the title in the title element.
Institutional Archive - When using a report from an institutional archive as a source identify the unique report identifier in parentheses (e.g., Report No. 654321) immediately following the title in the title element.
Media
Motion Picture - When using a motion picture as a source identify the roles in parentheses (e.g., Director or Producer) immediately following the each name in the author element.
Music Recording (Republished) - When using a republished music recording, provide the recording date in different from the copyright date immediately following the Retrieved from statement.
Television Series - When using an entire television series as a source identify the roles in parentheses (e.g., Creator or Producer) immediately following the each name in the author element.
Television Series (Episode or Webisode) - When using a single episode of a television series as a source identify the roles in parentheses (e.g., Writer or Director) immediately following the each name in the author element. In addition, identify the role of the producer (e.g., Executive Producer) before the Retrieved from element.
Radio Series - When using an entire radio series as a source identify the roles in parentheses (e.g., Creator or Producer) immediately following the each name in the author element.
Radio Series (Episode or Webisode) - When using a single episode of a radio series as a source identify the roles in parentheses (e.g., Writer or Director) immediately following the each name in the author element. In addition, identify the role of the producer (e.g., Executive Producer) before the Retrieved from element.
Podcast - When using a podcast as a source identify the roles in parentheses (e.g., Director or Producer) immediately following the each name in the author element.
Software and Apps
Software - When using a podcast as a source identify the roles in parentheses (e.g., Director or Producer) immediately following the each name in the author element.
Mobile App - There should be a period after the date parentheses (Chapter 6, 6.28, p. 185).
